{"id":2362,"date":"2022-11-26T11:12:55","date_gmt":"2022-11-26T14:12:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/brasilnoticias.org\/site\/?p=2362"},"modified":"2022-11-26T11:12:55","modified_gmt":"2022-11-26T14:12:55","slug":"sob-protestos-nasa-decide-manter-nome-do-telescopio-james-webb","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/brasilnoticias.org\/site\/sob-protestos-nasa-decide-manter-nome-do-telescopio-james-webb\/","title":{"rendered":"Sob protestos, Nasa decide manter nome do telesc\u00f3pio James Webb"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Ap\u00f3s mais de um ano de protestos, a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/\">Nasa<\/a>fechou quest\u00e3o e decidiu manter o nome do <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bnews.com.br\/noticias\/geral\/veja-primeira-imagem-processada-e-colorida-do-telescopio-espacial-james-webb.html\">Telesc\u00f3pio Espacial James Webb<\/a>. \u00c9 a segunda vez que a ag\u00eancia americana reafirma sua posi\u00e7\u00e3o, diante de protestos da comunidade astron\u00f4mica LGBTQIA+.<\/p>\n<p>A controv\u00e9rsia foi iniciada em mar\u00e7o do ano passado, quando quatro pesquisadores, Chanda Prescod-Weinstein, Sarah Tuttle, Lucianne Walkowicz e Brian Nord, escreveram um artigo na revista Scientific American indicando que James Edwin Webb (1906-1992), o homenageado pela Nasa, havia dado suporte a pol\u00edticas governamentais homof\u00f3bicas nos anos 1950.<\/p>\n<p>Em contraste com homenageados t\u00edpicos de espa\u00e7onaves da Nasa, Webb nunca foi cientista. Ex-militar e burocrata, teve passagens importantes pelo Escrit\u00f3rio de Or\u00e7amento e pelo Departamento de Estado, antes de se tornar o segundo administrador da Nasa, em 1961, sob a gest\u00e3o John F. Kennedy.<\/p>\n<p>Nessa fun\u00e7\u00e3o, Webb deixou legado important\u00edssimo, n\u00e3o s\u00f3 redirecionando o trabalho da ag\u00eancia espacial para a ci\u00eancia (o que n\u00e3o era imediatamente \u00f3bvio, dado que a cria\u00e7\u00e3o da Administra\u00e7\u00e3o Nacional de Aeron\u00e1utica e Espa\u00e7o, significado da sigla Nasa, se deu basicamente para gerir o programa espacial tripulado) como conduzindo com sucesso o enorme desafio de levar humanos \u00e0 Lua no programa Apollo.<\/p>\n<p>Webb saiu antes da primeira viagem lunar (Apollo 8) e do primeiro pouso (Apollo 11), mas sua atua\u00e7\u00e3o pelo sucesso dos EUA na corrida espacial nunca deixou qualquer d\u00favida.<\/p>\n<p>Ainda assim, o gestor estava sujeito \u00e0s regras impostas pela administra\u00e7\u00e3o federal. E h\u00e1 farta documenta\u00e7\u00e3o de que o governo americano promoveu, entre os anos 1940 e 1950, a busca ativa e demiss\u00e3o de funcion\u00e1rios homossexuais, epis\u00f3dio hist\u00f3rico que mais recentemente ganhou o nome de &#8220;Lavender Scare&#8221; (&#8220;terror da lavanda&#8221;, numa tradu\u00e7\u00e3o livre).<\/p>\n<p>A cumplicidade de Webb com a pol\u00edtica discriminat\u00f3ria \u00e9 especialmente apontada durante sua atua\u00e7\u00e3o como subsecret\u00e1rio de estado, entre 1949 e 1952. Documenta\u00e7\u00e3o mostra que o burocrata estava ciente e participou de discuss\u00f5es sobre o tema pelo menos desde 1950, ainda que n\u00e3o tenha sido originador da pr\u00e1tica ou houvesse qualquer evid\u00eancia de que fosse pessoalmente favor\u00e1vel a ela.<\/p>\n<p>Para os que questionam a homenagem, isso \u00e9 de pouco al\u00edvio. Escreveram os astr\u00f4nomos na Scientific American: &#8220;Os registros claramente mostram que Webb planejou e participou de reuni\u00f5es em que entregou material homof\u00f3bico. N\u00e3o h\u00e1 registro de que tenha escolhido defender a humanidade daqueles sendo perseguidos. Como algu\u00e9m na gest\u00e3o, Webb tinha responsabilidade por pol\u00edticas praticadas sob sua lideran\u00e7a, incluindo as homof\u00f3bicas que estavam em voga quando ele se tornou administrador da Nasa.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><strong>MOVIMENTO TARDIO<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A decis\u00e3o de batizar o novo telesc\u00f3pio espacial com o nome de James Webb foi tomada pela Nasa em 2002, sem consulta \u00e0 comunidade astron\u00f4mica (como, por sinal, \u00e9 usual).<\/p>\n<p>H\u00e1 conhecimento mais amplo do &#8220;terror da lavanda&#8221; pelo menos desde 2004. Mesmo assim, a movimenta\u00e7\u00e3o para solicitar a revis\u00e3o da decis\u00e3o veio tardiamente.<\/p>\n<p>Ap\u00f3s o artigo na Scientific American e a cria\u00e7\u00e3o de um abaixo-assinado pela renomea\u00e7\u00e3o, no ano passado, a dire\u00e7\u00e3o da Nasa pediu ao historiador-chefe da ag\u00eancia, Brian Odom, que revisasse a documenta\u00e7\u00e3o da Nasa relativa a Webb e pr\u00e1ticas discriminat\u00f3rias.<\/p>\n<p>Nada foi encontrado e, em setembro de 2021, o administrador Bill Nelson emitiu uma curta declara\u00e7\u00e3o dizendo que a ag\u00eancia &#8220;n\u00e3o encontrou evid\u00eancias neste momento que demandassem a mudan\u00e7a do nome&#8221;. Ainda assim, ficou a promessa de uma investiga\u00e7\u00e3o mais profunda em torno das atividades de Webb, incluindo sua fase no Departamento de Estado.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c9 neste ponto a que chegamos agora, com a divulga\u00e7\u00e3o neste m\u00eas do relat\u00f3rio final dessa investiga\u00e7\u00e3o. Os pontos mais cr\u00edticos analisados foram reuni\u00f5es de que Webb participou em junho de 1950 ao lado do presidente Harry Truman, discutindo se deveriam cooperar com investigadores do Congresso que buscavam informa\u00e7\u00f5es sobre funcion\u00e1rios do Departamento de Estado.<\/p>\n<p>Em seguida, Webb passaria adiante a um senador da Carolina do Norte &#8220;algum material sobre o assunto&#8221; preparado por um dos colegas dele. &#8220;At\u00e9 a presente data, n\u00e3o h\u00e3 evid\u00eancia direta dispon\u00edvel que ligue Webb a quaisquer a\u00e7\u00f5es a emergirem dessa discuss\u00e3o&#8221;, disse o relat\u00f3rio de Odom.<\/p>\n<p>O relat\u00f3rio tamb\u00e9m descreve a demiss\u00e3o de Clifford Norton, funcion\u00e1rio da Nasa desligado em 1963 por ser gay. Mas conclui que n\u00e3o h\u00e1 evid\u00eancia de que Webb tenha sabido da demiss\u00e3o e aponta que a pol\u00edtica de exclus\u00e3o de profissionais LGBTQIA+ estava a cargo da Comiss\u00e3o de Servi\u00e7o Civil, n\u00e3o de ag\u00eancias como a Nasa.<\/p>\n<p><strong>OPOSI\u00c7\u00c3O PERMANECE<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Embora a Nasa tenha decidido preservar o nome de Webb para o telesc\u00f3pio, isso n\u00e3o obriga a comunidade astron\u00f4mica a gostar da decis\u00e3o.<\/p>\n<p>A Sociedade Real Astron\u00f4mica, do Reino Unido, decidiu que, em suas publica\u00e7\u00f5es, ao menos por ora, usar\u00e1 apenas a sigla JWST, em vez do nome completo do telesc\u00f3pio. A Sociedade Astron\u00f4mica Americana pegou mais leve, deixando a cargo dos pr\u00f3prios pesquisadores, que n\u00e3o precisam em seus artigos incluir o nome completo em sua primeira men\u00e7\u00e3o, como \u00e9 costumeiro com o uso de outras siglas.<\/p>\n<p>Da parte da ag\u00eancia espacial, a controv\u00e9rsia gerou uma nova pol\u00edtica. A partir de agora, um comit\u00ea ser\u00e1 formado, incluindo um historiador, para conduzir uma &#8220;revis\u00e3o legal e hist\u00f3rica completa&#8221; antes de dar nome a qualquer de suas miss\u00f5es ou instala\u00e7\u00f5es.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Bnews<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ap\u00f3s mais de um ano de protestos, a Nasafechou quest\u00e3o e decidiu manter o nome do Telesc\u00f3pio Espacial James Webb.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2363,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","_FSMCFIC_featured_image_caption":"","_FSMCFIC_featured_image_nocaption":"","_FSMCFIC_featured_image_hide":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[6,2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2362","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mundo","category-noticias"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - 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